Contemporary Works From the Collection Museum of Modern Art New York 5 Marchã¢â“22 July 1992

Coordinates: 40°45′41.8″N 73°58′39.four″W  /  40.761611°North 73.977611°W  / 40.761611; -73.977611

Art museum in Manhattan, New York City

Museum of Modernistic Art

Established	November seven, 1929; 92 years ago  (1929-11-07)
Location	11 W 53rd Street Manhattan, New York City
Type	Fine art museum
Visitors	706,060 (2020)[1]
Director	Glenn D. Lowry
Public transit access	Subway: 5th Avenue/53rd Street (​ trains) Passenger vehicle: M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M7, M10, M20, M50, M104
Website	world wide web.moma.org

The Museum of Modern Fine art (MoMA) is an fine art museum located in Midtown Manhattan, New York City, on 53rd Street between Fifth and 6th Avenues.

It plays a major part in developing and collecting modern fine art, and is often identified every bit one of the largest and most influential museums of modernistic art in the world.^[ii] MoMA'south collection offers an overview of modern and gimmicky art, including works of compages and blueprint, drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, prints, illustrated books and artist's books, film, and electronic media.^[3]

The MoMA Library includes approximately 300,000 books and exhibition catalogs, more than 1,000 journal titles, and more than than 40,000 files of ephemera about private artists and groups.^[4] The athenaeum hold primary source material related to the history of modern and contemporary art.^[5]

It attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of 60-five percentage from 2019, due to the COVID-nineteen pandemic. It ranked 20-fifth on the list of about visited fine art museums in the world in 2020.^[vi]

History [edit]

Heckscher and other buildings (1929–1939) [edit]

The idea for the Museum of Modern Art was developed in 1929 primarily by Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (wife of John D. Rockefeller, Jr.) and two of her friends, Lillie P. Bliss and Mary Quinn Sullivan.^[7] They became known variously every bit "the Ladies" or "the adamantine ladies".^{[eight] [9]} They rented modest quarters for the new museum in the Heckscher Building at 730 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan,^[8] and information technology opened to the public on Nov 7, 1929, 9 days later on the Wall Street Crash.^[10] Abby Rockefeller had invited A. Conger Goodyear, the erstwhile president of the board of trustees of the Albright Art Gallery in Buffalo, New York, to get president of the new museum. Abby became treasurer. At the time, it was America's premier museum devoted exclusively to modern art, and the first of its kind in Manhattan to showroom European modernism.^[xi] 1 of Rockefeller'south early recruits for the museum staff was the noted Japanese-American photographer Soichi Sunami (at that fourth dimension best known for his portraits of modernistic dance pioneer Martha Graham), who served the museum equally its official documentary photographer from 1930 until 1968.^{[12] [13]}

Goodyear enlisted Paul J. Sachs and Frank Crowninshield to join him as founding trustees. Sachs, the associate director and curator of prints and drawings at the Fogg Museum at Harvard University, was referred to in those days as a "collector of curators". Goodyear asked him to recommend a director and Sachs suggested Alfred H. Barr, Jr., a promising young protégé. Under Barr's guidance, the museum'southward holdings apace expanded from an initial gift of viii prints and one drawing. Its first successful loan exhibition was in November 1929, displaying paintings by Van Gogh, Gauguin, Cézanne, and Seurat.^[14]

Beginning housed in vi rooms of galleries and offices on the 12th floor of Manhattan's Heckscher Building,^[fifteen] on the corner of 5th Avenue and 57th Street, the museum moved into three more temporary locations within the next ten years. Abby Rockefeller's husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., was adamantly opposed to the museum (every bit well as to modern art itself) and refused to release funds for the venture, which had to exist obtained from other sources and resulted in the frequent shifts of location. Nevertheless, he eventually donated the country for the electric current site of the museum, plus other gifts over fourth dimension, and thus became in effect 1 of its greatest benefactors.^[16]

During that time the museum initiated many more than exhibitions of noted artists, such equally the solitary Vincent van Gogh exhibition on November four, 1935. Containing an unprecedented sixty-6 oils and fifty drawings from holland, also as poignant excerpts from the creative person's letters, it was a major public success due to Barr's organization of the exhibit, and became "a precursor to the hold van Gogh has to this twenty-four hour period on the contemporary imagination".^[17]

53rd Street (1939–present) [edit]

1930s to 1950s [edit]

The museum as well gained international prominence with the hugely successful and at present famous Picasso retrospective of 1939–xl, held in conjunction with the Art Establish of Chicago. In its range of presented works, it represented a significant reinterpretation of Picasso for future art scholars and historians. This was wholly masterminded past Barr, a Picasso enthusiast, and the exhibition lionized Picasso as the greatest creative person of the time, setting the model for all the museum'due south retrospectives that were to follow.^[18] Boy Leading a Horse was briefly contested over buying with the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum.^[19] In 1941, MoMA hosted the footing-breaking exhibition, "Indian Art of the United States" (curated past Frederic Huntington Douglas and Rene d'Harnoncourt), that inverse the way Native American arts were viewed by the public and exhibited in art museums.

The entrance to The Museum of Mod Art

When Abby Rockefeller's son Nelson was selected past the lath of trustees to become its president, in 1939, at the age of thirty; he was a flamboyant leader and became the prime instigator and funding source of MoMA's publicity, acquisitions, and subsequent expansion into new headquarters on 53rd Street. His brother, David Rockefeller, also joined the museum's board of trustees, in 1948, and took over the presidency, when Nelson was elected Governor of New York, in 1958.

David subsequently employed the noted builder Philip Johnson to redesign the museum garden and proper noun information technology in honor of his mother, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden. He and the Rockefeller family in full general have retained a close clan with the museum throughout its history, with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund funding the institution since 1947. Both David Rockefeller, Jr. and Sharon Percy Rockefeller (wife of onetime senator Jay Rockefeller) sit on the lath of trustees.^{[ citation needed ]} After the Rockefeller Invitee House at 242 Eastward 52nd Street was completed in 1950, some MoMA functions were held in the business firm until 1964.^{[20] [21]}

In 1937, MoMA had shifted to offices and basement galleries in the Time-Life Edifice in Rockefeller Center. Its permanent and current home, now renovated, designed in the International Style past the modernist architects Philip L. Goodwin and Edward Durell Stone, opened to the public on May 10, 1939, attended by an illustrious company of 6,000 people, and with an opening address via radio from the White Firm by President Franklin D. Roosevelt.^[22]

1958 fire [edit]

On April 15, 1958, a fire on the second floor destroyed an 18-foot (5.5 m) long Monet H2o Lilies painting (the current Monet Water Lilies was acquired shortly later on the fire as a replacement). The fire started when workmen installing air conditioning were smoking nearly pigment cans, sawdust, and a canvass dropcloth. One worker was killed in the fire and several firefighters were treated for smoke inhalation. Most of the paintings on the floor had been moved for the structure although large paintings including the Monet were left. Art work on the 3rd and 4th floors were evacuated to the Whitney Museum of American Fine art, which abutted information technology on the 54th Street side. Among the paintings that were moved was A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte, which had been on loan by the Fine art Institute of Chicago. Visitors and employees above the burn were evacuated to the roof and and then jumped to the roof of an adjoining townhouse.^[23]

1960–1982 [edit]

In 1969, the MoMA was at the heart of a controversy over its decision to withdraw funding from the iconic anti-war affiche And babies. In 1969, the Art Workers Coalition (AWC), a grouping of New York Metropolis artists who opposed the Vietnam War, in collaboration with Museum of Mod Art members Arthur Drexler and Elizabeth Shaw, created an iconic protest poster called And babies.^[24] The affiche uses an image by photojournalist Ronald L. Haeberle and references the My Lai Massacre. The Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) had promised to fund and broadcast the poster, but subsequently seeing the two by 3 foot poster MoMA pulled financing for the projection at the last minute.^{[25] [26]} MoMA's Board of Trustees included Nelson Rockefeller and William Due south. Paley (head of CBS), who reportedly "hit the ceiling" on seeing the proofs of the affiche.^[25] The affiche was included shortly thereafter in MoMA's Data exhibition of July 2 to September 20, 1970, curated by Kynaston McShine.^[27] Another controversy involved Pablo Picasso'due south painting Boy Leading a Horse (1905–06), donated to MoMA by William S. Paley in 1964. The status of the piece of work as being sold under duress past its High german Jewish owners in the 1930s was in dispute. The descendants of the original owners sued MoMA and the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, which has some other Picasso painting, Le Moulin de la Galette (1900), once owned past the same family unit, for return of the works.^[28] Both museums reached a confidential settlement with the descendants earlier the case went to trial and retained their respective paintings.^{[nineteen] [29] [30]} Both museums had claimed from the outset to exist the proper owners of these paintings, and that the claims were illegitimate. In a articulation argument the ii museums wrote: "we settled simply to avoid the costs of prolonged litigation, and to ensure the public continues to have access to these of import paintings."^[31]

1980–1999 [edit]

Stairs in the Museum of Modern Art

Cross-section of the Museum of Modern Fine art

In 1983, the Museum more than doubled its gallery and increased curatorial department past 30 per centum, and added an auditorium, two restaurants and a bookstore in conjunction with the construction of the 56-story Museum Tower bordering the museum.^[32]

In 1997, the museum undertook a major renovation and expansion designed by Japanese architect Yoshio Taniguchi with Kohn Pedersen Fox. The project, including an increment in MoMA'south endowment to cover operating expenses, cost $858 meg in total. The projection nearly doubled the infinite for MoMA'southward exhibitions and programs and features 630,000 square anxiety (59,000 yard²) of space. The Peggy and David Rockefeller Building on the western portion of the site houses the main exhibition galleries, and The Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Education and Enquiry Building provides space for classrooms, auditoriums, instructor training workshops, and the museum'south expanded Library and Archives. These two buildings frame the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden, which was enlarged from its original configuration.

21st century [edit]

The museum was closed for two years in connectedness with the renovation and moved its public-facing operations to a temporary facility called MoMA QNS in Long Island City, Queens. When MoMA reopened in 2004, the renovation was controversial. Some critics thought that Taniguchi's design was a fine example of contemporary architecture, while many others were displeased with aspects of the design, such as the flow of the space.^{[33] [34] [35]} In 2005, the museum sold state that information technology owned west of its existing building to Hines, a Texas existent estate developer, under an agreement that reserved space on the lower levels of the building Hines planned to construct there for a MoMA expansion.^[36]

In 2011, MoMA acquired an side by side building constructed and occupied by the American Folk Art Museum on Westward 53rd Street. The building was a well-regarded structure designed by Tod Williams Billie Tsien Architects and was sold in connection with a financial restructuring of the Folk Art Museum.^[37] When MoMA announced that it would annihilate the edifice in connection with its expansion, there was outcry and considerable discussion about the effect, but the museum ultimately proceeded with its original plans.^[38]

The Hines building, designed by Jean Nouvel and called 53W53, received construction approval in 2014.^[39] Effectually the time of Hines' construction approval, MoMA unveiled its expansion plans, which encompass space in 53W53, likewise as structure on the former site of the American Folk Art Museum.^[40] The expansion programme was developed by the compages house Diller Scofidio + Renfro in collaboration with Gensler. The first stage of construction began in 2014. In June 2017, patrons and the public were welcomed into MoMA to see the completion of the outset phase of the $450 million expansion to the museum.^[41]

Spread over three floors of the art mecca off Fifth Artery are 15,000 square-feet (about 1,400 square-meters) of reconfigured galleries, a new, second souvenir shop, a redesigned buffet and espresso bar and, facing the sculpture garden, two lounges graced with black marble quarried in France.^[41]

The museum expansion project increased the publicly accessibly space by 25% compared to when the Tanaguchi building was completed in 2004.^[42] The expansion immune for even more of the museum's collection of nearly 200,000 works to exist displayed.^[41] The new spaces also allow visitors to bask a relaxing sit-down in ane of the two new lounges, or even have a fully catered repast.^[41] The 2 new lounges include "The Marlene Hess and James D. Zirin Lounge" and "The Daniel and Jane Och Lounge".^{[41] [43]} The goal of this renovation is to aid aggrandize the collection and display of work by women, Latinos, blacks, Asians, and other marginalized communities.^[44] In connection with the renovation, MoMA shifted its approach to presenting its holdings, moving away from separating the collection by disciplines such as painting, design and works on newspaper toward an integrated chronological presentation that encompasses all areas of the collection.^[42]

The Museum of Modern Art airtight for some other round of major renovations from June to October 2019.^{[44] [45]} Upon reopening on October 21, 2019, MoMA added 47,000 foursquare anxiety (4,400 m²) of gallery space,^[46] and its total flooring area was 708,000 square feet (65,800 k²).^[47] The expansion and refurbishment was overseen by the architectural firm of Diller Scofidio + Renfro.^[48] The institution began offering free online classes in Apr 2014.^[49]

Exhibition houses [edit]

The MoMA occasionally has sponsored and hosted temporary exhibition houses, which have reflected seminal ideas in architectural history.

• 1949: exhibition house by Marcel Breuer
• 1950: exhibition firm past Gregory Ain^[50]
• 1955: Japanese Exhibition Firm by Junzo Yoshimura, reinstalled in Philadelphia, PA in 1957–58 and known now as Shofuso Japanese Business firm and Garden
• 2008: Prefabricated houses planned^{[51] [52] [53]} by:
  • Kieran Timberlake Architects
  • Lawrence Sass
  • System Architects: Jeremy Edmiston and Douglas Gauthier
  • Leo Kaufmann Architects
  • Richard Horden

Artworks [edit]

Claude Monet, Reflections of Clouds on the H2o-Lily Pond, c.1920

Considered by many to take the best collection of mod Western masterpieces in the world, MoMA's holdings include more than 150,000 individual pieces in addition to approximately 22,000 films and four one thousand thousand film stills. (Admission to the drove of movie stills ended in 2002, and the collection is mothballed in a vault in Hamlin, Pennsylvania.^[54]) The collection houses such important and familiar works as the following:

• Francis Bacon, Painting (1946)
• Umberto Boccioni, The City Rises
• Paul Cézanne, The Bather
• Marc Chagall, I and the Village
• Giorgio de Chirico, The Song of Love
• Salvador Dalí, The Persistence of Memory
• Max Ernst, Ii Children Are Threatened past a Nightingale
• Paul Gauguin, Te aa no areois (The Seed of the Areoi)
• Albert Gleizes, Portrait of Igor Stravinsky, 1914
• Jasper Johns, Flag
• Frida Kahlo, Self-Portrait With Cropped Hair
• Roy Lichtenstein, Drowning Daughter
• René Magritte, The Empire of Lights
• René Magritte, Simulated Mirror
• Kazimir Malevich, White on White 1918
• Henri Matisse, The Trip the light fantastic toe
• Jean Metzinger, Landscape, 1912–1914
• Piet Mondrian, Broadway Boogie-Woogie
• Claude Monet, H2o Lilies triptych
• Barnett Newman, Cleaved Obelisk
• Barnett Newman, Vir Heroicus Sublimis (Man, Heroic and Sublime)
• Pablo Picasso, Les Demoiselles d'Avignon
• Jackson Pollock, One: Number 31, 1950
• Henri Rousseau, The Dream, 1910
• Henri Rousseau, The Sleeping Gypsy
• Vincent van Gogh, The Starry Dark
• Andy Warhol, Campbell's Soup Cans
• Andrew Wyeth, Christina'south World

Selected collection highlights [edit]

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

• 

It also holds works by a wide range of influential European and American artists including Auguste Rodin, Henri Matisse, Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Joan Miró, Aristide Maillol, Piet Mondrian, Marcel Duchamp, Paul Klee, Fernand Léger, René Magritte, Henry Moore, Alberto Giacometti, Georgia O'Keeffe, Edward Hopper, Walker Evans, Dorothea Lange, Arshile Gorky, Hans Hofmann, Franz Kline, Willem de Kooning, Jackson Pollock, Marking Rothko, David Smith, Helen Frankenthaler, Morris Louis, Kenneth Noland, Robert Rauschenberg, Frank Stella, Andy Warhol, Roy Lichtenstein, and hundreds of others.

MoMA developed a world-renowned art photography collection kickoff under Edward Steichen (1947–1961) and so under Steichen's paw-picked successor John Szarkowski (1962–1991), which included photos by Todd Webb.^[55] The section was founded by Beaumont Newhall in 1940.^[56] Under Szarkowski, information technology focused on a more traditionally modernist approach to the medium, one that emphasized documentary images and orthodox darkroom techniques.

Film [edit]

In 1932, museum founder Alfred Barr stressed the importance of introducing "the only great art form peculiar to the twentieth century" to "the American public which should appreciate good films and support them". Museum Trustee and motion picture producer John Hay Whitney became the kickoff chairman of the Museum's Picture Library from 1935 to 1951. The collection Whitney assembled with the assistance of picture show curator Iris Barry was so successful that in 1937 the Academy of Movement Pictures Arts and Sciences commended the Museum with an laurels "for its meaning work in collecting films ... and for the first time making available to the public the ways of studying the historical and aesthetic development of the move pic as one of the major arts".^[57]

The get-go curator and founder of the Moving-picture show Library was Iris Barry, a British film critic and author, whose three decades of pioneering work in collecting films and presenting them in coherent artistic and historical contexts gained recognition for the movie theatre equally the major new art form of our century. Barry and her successors have built a collection comprising some eight thousand titles today, concentrating on assembling an outstanding collection of the important works of international movie fine art, with emphasis being placed on obtaining the highest-quality materials.^[58]

The exiled film scholar Siegfried Kracauer worked at the MoMA movie archive on a psychological history of German language picture show between 1941 and 1943. The upshot of his study, From Caligari to Hitler: A Psychological History of the German Film (1947), traces the birth of Nazism from the cinema of the Weimar Republic and helped lay the foundation of modern motion picture criticism.

Under the Museum of Modern Art Department of Film, the picture show collection includes more than than 25,000 titles and ranks as i of the world's finest museum archives of international film art. The section owns prints of many familiar feature-length movies, including Citizen Kane and Vertigo, only its holdings too contains many less-traditional pieces, including Andy Warhol's eight-hour Empire, Fred Halsted'southward gay pornographic Fifty.A. Plays Itself (screened before a capacity audition on April 23, 1974), various TV commercials, and Chris Cunningham's music video for Björk's All Is Full of Love.

Library [edit]

The MoMA library is located in Midtown Manhattan, with offsite storage in Long Island City, Queens. The non-circulating collection documents modern and contemporary art including painting, sculpture, prints, photography, picture, performance, and architecture from 1880–present. The collection includes 300,000 books, i,000 periodicals, and 40,000 files most artists and artistic groups. In that location are over 11,000 artist books in the collection.^[59] The libraries are open past appointment to all researchers. The library'south catalog is called "Dadabase".^[4] Dadabase includes records for all of the cloth in the library, including books, creative person books, exhibition catalogs, special collections materials, and electronic resources.^[4] The Museum of Modern Art's collection of artist books includes works past Ed Ruscha, Marcel Broodthaers, Susan Bee, Carl Andre, and David Horvitz.^[60]

Additionally, the library has subscription electronic resources along with Dadabase. These include periodical databases (such as JSTOR and Art Full Text), auction results indexes (ArtFact and Artnet), the ARTstor paradigm database, and WorldCat union catalog.^[59]

Architecture and blueprint [edit]

MoMA's Department of Architecture and Design was founded in 1932^[61] as the get-go museum section in the world dedicated to the intersection of compages and design.^[62] The department'due south first director was Philip Johnson who served as curator between 1932–34 and 1946–54.^[63] The next departmental head was Arthur Drexler, who was curator from 1951 to 1956 and then served as head until 1986.^[64]

The drove consists of 28,000 works including architectural models, drawings and photographs.^[61] One of the highlights of the collection is the Mies van der Rohe Archive.^[62] It too includes works from such legendary architects and designers as Frank Lloyd Wright,^{[65] [66] [67] [68]} Paul László, the Eameses, Betty Cooke, Isamu Noguchi, and George Nelson. The design collection contains many industrial and manufactured pieces, ranging from a self-aligning ball begetting to an entire Bell 47D1 helicopter. In 2012, the section acquired a selection of 14 video games, the basis of an intended collection of twoscore that is to range from Pac-Human (1980) to Minecraft (2011).^[69]

Direction [edit]

Attendance [edit]

MoMA attracted 706,060 visitors in 2020, a drop of lx-five percent from 2019, due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It ranked twenty-fifth on the List of nearly visited art museums in the world in 2020.^[six]

MoMA has seen its average number of visitors rising from about 1.v million a year to 2.5 million after its new granite and glass renovation. In 2009, the museum reported 119,000 members and 2.8 1000000 visitors over the previous financial twelvemonth. MoMA attracted its highest-e'er number of visitors, 3.09 million, during its 2010 fiscal twelvemonth;^[lxx] however, attendance dropped xi percent to 2.8 one thousand thousand in 2011.^[71] Attendance in 2016 was 2.8 million, down from iii.i million in 2015.^[72]

The museum was open every day since its founding in 1929, until 1975, when it closed one day a week (originally Wednesdays) to reduce operating expenses. In 2012, information technology once more opened every day, including Tuesday, the one day it has traditionally been closed.^[73]

Access [edit]

The Museum of Modern Fine art charges an admission fee of $25 per adult.^[74] Upon MoMA's reopening, its admission price increased from $12 to $20, making it i of the about expensive museums in the city. Withal, it has gratis entry on Fridays after five:30pm, as part of the Uniqlo Free Friday Nights program. Many New York area college students likewise receive free access to the museum.^[75]

Finances [edit]

A private not-profit system, MoMA is the 7th-largest U.Due south. museum by budget;^[76] its almanac revenue is virtually $145 million (none of which is profit). In 2011, the museum reported cyberspace assets (basically, a total of all the resource it has on its books, except the value of the fine art) of just over $one billion.

Unlike about museums, the museum eschews government funding, instead subsisting on a fragmented budget with a half-dozen dissimilar sources of income, none larger than a fifth.^[77] Before the economical crisis of belatedly 2008, the MoMA'south board of trustees decided to sell its equities in order to movement into an all-cash position. An $858 1000000 capital entrada funded the 2002–04 expansion, with David Rockefeller donating $77 million in greenbacks.^[76] In 2005, Rockefeller pledged an additional $100 one thousand thousand toward the museum'due south endowment.^[78] In 2011, Moody's Investors Service, a bond rating agency, rated $57 million worth of new debt in 2010 with a positive outlook and echoed their Aa2 bond credit rating for the underlying institution. The agency noted that MoMA has "superior financial flexibility with over $332 million of unrestricted financial resources", and has had solid attendance and record sales at its retail outlets effectually the city and online. Some of the challenges that Moody's noted were the reliance that the museum has on the tourist industry in New York for its operating revenue, and a large amount of debt. The museum at the fourth dimension had a 2.four debt-to-operating revenues ratio, but information technology was also noted that MoMA intended to retire $370 one thousand thousand worth of debt in the next few years. Standard & Poor's raised its long-term rating for the museum as it benefited from the fundraising of its trustees.^[79] After structure expenses for the new galleries are covered, the Modern estimates that some $65 1000000 volition go to its $650 million endowment.

MoMA spent $32 million to learn art for the fiscal year catastrophe in June 2012.^[fourscore]

MoMA employed about 815 people in 2007.^[77] The museum'southward taxation filings from the past few years propose a shift amidst the highest paid employees from curatorial staff to management.^[81] The museum's managing director Glenn D. Lowry earned $1.6 million in 2009^[82] and lives in a rent-complimentary $6 million flat higher up the museum.^[83]

MoMA was forced to close in March 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in New York Metropolis.^[84] Citing the coronavirus shutdown, MoMA fired its art educators in Apr 2020.^[85] In May 2020, it was reported that MoMA would reduce its annual budget from $180 to $135 meg starting July 1. Exhibition and publication funding was cutting past one-half, and staff reduced from around 960 to 800.^[84]

Central people [edit]

Officers and the lath of trustees [edit]

Currently, the lath of trustees includes 46 trustees and 15 life trustees. Even including the board'southward xiv "honorary" trustees, who exercise non have voting rights and practice not play equally direct a role in the museum, this amounts to an average individual contribution of more than $7 million.^[81] The Founders Wall was created in 2004, when MoMA'southward expansion was completed, and features the names of actual founders in addition to those who gave significant gifts; about a one-half-dozen names have been added since 2004. For example, Ileana Sonnabend's name was added in 2012, even though she was merely xv when the museum was established in 1929.^[86]

Board of trustees [edit]

Board of trustees:

• Wallis Annenberg
• Sid R. Bass
• Lawrence B. Benenson
• Leon D. Black
• Clarissa Alcock Bronfman
• Patricia Phelps de Cisneros
• Edith Cooper
• Paula Crown
• David Dechman
• Anne Dias-Griffin
• Glenn Dubin
• John Elkann
• Laurence D. Fink
• Kathleen Fuld
• Howard Gardner
• Mimi Haas
• Alexandra A. Herzan
• Marlene Hess
• Jill Kraus
• Marie-Josée Kravis
• Ronald S. Lauder
• Thomas H. Lee
• Michael Lynne
• Khalil Gibran Muhammad
• Philip S. Niarchos
• James M. Niven
• Peter Norton
• Maja Oeri
• Michael S. Ovitz
• David Rockefeller Jr.
• Sharon Percy Rockefeller
• Richard E. Salomon
• Marcus Samuelsson
• Anna Marie Shapiro
• Anna Deavere Smith
• Jerry I. Speyer
• Ricardo Steinbruch
• Daniel Sundheim
• Alice One thousand. Tisch
• Edgar Wachenheim III
• Gary Winnick

Directors [edit]

• Alfred H. Barr, Jr. (1929–1943)
• No director (1943–1949; the task was handled by the chairman of the museum's coordination committee and the director of the Curatorial Department)^{[87] [88]}
• Rene d'Harnoncourt (1949–1968)
• Bates Lowry (1968–1969)
• John Brantley Hightower (1970–1972)
• Richard Oldenburg (1972–1995)
• Glenn D. Lowry (1995–present)

Main curators [edit]

• Philip Johnson, main curator of compages and design (1932–1934 and 1946–1954)
• Arthur Drexler, chief curator of compages and design (1951–1956)
• Peter Galassi, chief curator of photography (1991–2011)^{[56] [89]}
• Cornelia Butler, chief curator of drawings (2006–2013)
• Barry Bergdoll, master curator of architecture and design (2007–2013)
• Rajendra Roy, chief curator of film (2007–present)
• Ann Temkin, chief curator of painting and sculpture (2008–nowadays)^[90]
• Klaus Biesenbach, manager of MoMA PS1 and chief curator at large (2009–2018)
• Sabine Breitwieser, main curator of media and functioning art (2010–2013)
• Christophe Cherix, chief curator of prints and illustrated books (2010–2013), drawings and prints (2013–nowadays)
• Paola Antonelli, director of research and development and senior curator of compages and design (2012–present)
• Quentin Bajac, chief curator of photography (2012–2018)
• Stuart Comer, chief curator of media and performance art (2014–present)
• Martino Stierli, chief curator of architecture and design (2015–present)

Controversy [edit]

Women Artists Visibility Effect (W.A.V.Due east.) [edit]

On June 14, 1984 the Women Artists Visibility Result (W.A.V.Due east.), a demonstration of 400 women artists, was held in front of the newly renovated Museum of Modern Art to protestation the lack of female person representation in its opening exhibition, "An International Survey of Recent Painting and Sculpture". The exhibition featured 165 artists; merely 14 of which those were women.^{[91] [92]}

Art repatriation issues [edit]

The MoMA has been involved in several claims initiated by families for artworks lost in the Holocaust which ended upwards in the collection of the Museum of Modern Fine art.^[93]

In 2009, the heirs of German artist George Grosz filed a lawsuit seeking restitution of three works past Grosz, and the heirs of Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy filed a lawsuit demanding the return of the painting by Pablo Picasso, entitled Boy Leading a Horse (1905–1906).^{[94] [95] [96]}

In another example, after a decade long court fight, in 2015 the MoMA returned a painting entitled Sand Hills past German creative person Ernst Ludwig Kirchner to the Fischer family because it had been stolen past Nazis.^[97]

Strike MoMA [edit]

Strike MoMA is a 2021 movement to strike the museum targeting what its supporters have called the "toxic philanthropy" of the museum'south leadership.^{[98] [99]}

See also [edit]

• List of museums and cultural institutions in New York City
• List of most-visited museums in the U.s.a.
• Dorothy Canning Miller
• Sam Hunter
• Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
• Talk to Me (exhibition)
• The Family unit of Man exhibit (1955)
• WikiProject MoMA

References [edit]

Citations [edit]

1. ^ The Art Newspaper, List of most-visited museums in 2020, March 31, 2021
2. ^ Kleiner, Fred S.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). "The Evolution of Modernist Art: The Early 20th Century". Gardner's Art through the Ages: The Western Perspective. Thomson Wadsworth. p. 796. ISBN978-0-4950-0478-iii. Archived from the original on May x, 2016. The Museum of Modern Art in New York City is consistently identified as the institution most responsible for developing modernist art ... the virtually influential museum of modern art in the globe.
3. ^ Museum of Mod Art – New York Fine art World Archived February 23, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
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Sources [edit]

• Allan, Kenneth R. "Understanding Information", in Conceptual Art: Theory, Myth, and Exercise. Ed. Michael Corris. Cambridge: Cambridge University Printing, 2004. pp. 144–168.
• Barr, Alfred H; Sandler, Irving; Newman, Amy (Jan ane, 1986). Defining modern art: selected writings of Alfred H. Barr, Jr . New York: Abrams. ISBN0810907151.
• Bee, Harriet S. and Michelle Elligott. Art in Our Time. A Chronicle of the Museum of Modern Fine art, New York 2004, ISBN 0-87070-001-4.
• Fitzgerald, Michael C. Making Modernism: Picasso and the Creation of the Market for Twentieth-Century Art. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1995.
• Geiger, Stephan. The Art of Aggregation. The Museum of Modern Fine art, 1961. Die neue Realität der Kunst in den frühen sechziger Jahren, (Diss. Academy Bonn 2005), München 2008, ISBN 978-iii-88960-098-one.
• Harr, John Ensor and Peter J. Johnson. The Rockefeller Century: Three Generations of America's Greatest Family. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1988.
• Kert, Bernice. Abby Aldrich Rockefeller: The Woman in the Family. New York: Random Firm, 1993.
• Lynes, Russell, Good One-time Mod: An Intimate Portrait of the Museum of Mod Fine art, New York: Athenaeum, 1973.
• Reich, Cary. The Life of Nelson A. Rockefeller: Worlds to Conquer 1908–1958. New York: Doubleday, 1996.
• Rockefeller, David (2003). Memoirs. New York: Random House. ISBN978-0812969733.
• Schulze, Franz (June 15, 1996). Philip Johnson: Life and Piece of work. Chicago: Academy Of Chicago Printing. ISBN978-0226740584.
• Staniszewski, Mary Anne (1998). The Ability of Brandish. A History of Exhibition Installations at the Museum of Modern Art. MIT Press. ISBN978-0262194020.
• Wilson, Kristina (2009). The Modern Center: Stieglitz, MoMA, and the Fine art of the Exhibition, 1925–1934. New Oasis: Yale Academy Press. ISBN978-0300149166.
• Lowry, Glenn D. (2009). The Museum of Modern Art in this Century. Museum of Modern Art. ISBN978-0870707643.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• MoMA Exhibition History Listing (1929–Nowadays)
• MoMA Audio
• MoMA's YouTube Channel
• MoMA's free online courses on Coursera
• MoMA Learning
• MoMA Magazine
• Jeffers, Wendy (November 2004). "Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Patron of the modern". Magazine Antiques. 166 (55): 118. 14873617. Archived from the original on February half-dozen, 2016. Retrieved Jan 28, 2016 – via EBSCOhost.
• " MoMA to Close, And then Open Doors to a More than Expansive View of Art" New York Times, 2019

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art

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